Old Town San Diego History

Old Town San Diego is considered the birth place of California. San Diego became the first permanent Spanish settlement in California in 1769. Father Junipero Serra came to establish the very first in a chain of 21 missions that were the cornerstone of California's colonization. Father Serra's mission and Presidio were built on a hillside overlooking what is currently known as Old Town San Diego. At the base of the hill in the 1820's, a small Mexican community of adobe buildings formed and by 1835 had attained the status of El Pueblo de San Diego. In 1846, a U.S. Navy Lieutenant and a Marine Lieutenant, raised the American flag for the first time in Old Town San Diego Plaza Viejo.

In 1968, the State of California Department of Parks and Recreation established Old Town State Historic Park to preserve the rich heritage that characterized San Diego during the 1821 to 1872 period. The park includes a main plaza, exhibits, museums and living history demonstrations. Click on links below to learn more. Historic buildings in the area include:

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If you have a question, comment, or want additional information, sign up for the Old Town San Diego Art Festival Email List. See you at the Old Town San Diego Art Festival, September 20-21, 2008.

Alvarado House

The Alvarado House is a reconstruction of an original 1824 house which was once home to the sister of the last California governor appointed by Mexico.

Alvarado House Old Town San Diego
Casa de Aguirre / Old Town Market

This is a reconstruction of a house built in the 1850's by Jose Antonio Aguirre. Aguirre married two of his neighbor Don Jose Antonio de Estudillo's daughters. He married Francisca, and after her death married her sister Maria del Rosario.

Casa de Aguirre | Old Town Market
Casa de Bandini / Cosmopolitan Hotel

Originally a one-story adobe, the home of Don A. Bandini. Built in the early 19th century, this adobe was the headquarters of Commodore Robert F. Stockton in 1846. The building was purchased in 1869 by Alfred Seeley, who added the second story and opened it as the Cosmopolitan Hotel. Now operates as the Cosmopolitan Restaurant. Learn more...

Casa de Bandini / Cosmopolitan Hotel Old Town San Diego
Casa de Estudillo, Old Town San Diego
Casa del Estudillo Old Town San Diego
Casa de Estudillo

Constructed in 1825 as the home of Don Jose Antonio de Estudillo, a Spanish aristocrat. It became a sanctuary for women and children during the American occupation in 1846. For a number of years it was incorrectly identified as "Ramona's Marriage Place" from Helen Hunt Jackson's "Ramona". The adobe structure is considered to be one of Old Town's outstanding show places.

La Casa de Estudillo was turned over to a caretaker in 1887 who sold its tiles, locks, doors and windows. In 1910 architect Hazel W. Waterman supervised the restoration of the house with funds provided by the Spreckels family. Learn more...

Casa de Lopez Casa de Lopez

Built about 1835 by Juan Francisco Lopez, one of San Diego's early Spanish settlers, the Casa Larga, or Long House, was among the first substantial houses built in the San Diego. In 1846 it was the home of Juan Matias Moreno, secretary to Pío Pico, California's last Mexican governor. Casa de Lopez has been reconstructed and houses the Rockin' Baja Lobster Restaurant.

Casa de Pedrorena

Residence of Don Miguel de Pedrorena, who made his home in San Diego in the 1850's. A member of an old Madrid family, he was educated both in that city and at Oxford. Allied in sympathy with the Americans during the Mexican War, he became captain in our Army. It was he who saved the famous old Spanish gun "El Jupiter" (now standing on Fort Stockton, Presidio Park) by burying it is the yard of his house.

Casa de Podrorena Old Town San Diego
Casa de Wrightington

Thomas Wrightington and his wife built their house on the plaza in the mid 1840's. After his death in 1853, his widow Juana Machado Alipaz de Wrightington remained in the house until the late 1890s. Dr. George McKinstry, Jr. used a room in her house for his personal residence and office for almost thirty years. He and Juana Wrightington (who was trilingual) provided medical care for Native Americans in San Diego County. Learn More...

Casa Wrightington / Bailey & McGuire Pottery
Casa Muchado Silvas Old Town San Diego Casa Machado Silvas

An excellent example of adobe construction, was built by Corporal Jose Manuel Machado for his daughter, Maria Antonio Machado de Silvas. It was from this house in 1846 that Senora de Silvas ran to cut away the Mexican flag, and in it that she hid the banner.

Casa Machada y Stewart Old Town San Diego Casa Machado Y Stewart

Casa Machado Y Stewart was originally built in 1836 by Corporal José Manuel Machado. After his death the house was occupied by his daughter Rosa, who married John S. Stewart, a shipmate of Richard Henry Dana, Jr. on the Alert. It has been reconstructed, and features an extensive period vegetable garden.

Church of the Immaculate Conception, Old Town San Diego Church of the Immaculate Conception

Begun in 1868 by Father Antonio D. Ubach. Due to the boom that set in for the New San Diego, the church was not completed and dedicated until 1919. In 1925 it was formally transferred to the Order of Saint Francis, the same order as the Mission San Diego de Alcala in Presidio Park. Learn more...

Colorado House

Originally a hotel, now houses the Wells Fargo Museum. The building is a reconstruction of the 1860 original. The Wells Fargo Museum is a historically furnished Wells Fargo agent’s office, including one of the famous 30 Coaches shipped to Wells Fargo in 1867, a panoramic painting of San Diego in 1855, and a gold watch given as reward for care of San Diego treasure on a stagecoach. Learn More...

Colorado House Wells Fargo Museum Old Town San Digo
Derby-Pendleton House Old Town San Diego Derby-Pendleton House

This house was shipped around the Horn as a prefab home in 1850. It was originally built in New Town and moved to Old Town around 1851. In 1855 Captain George A. Pendleton, the first county clerk and recorder acquired it for his office. The house was moved in 1962 from the end of Harney Street to its current site at the Whaley House Complex. More...

El Campo Santo Cemetary Old Town San Diego El Campo Santo Cemetery

Used between 1850 and 1880. Here lie many of the most famous early San Diegan's. Now smaller than its original size, some graves lie beneath San Diego Avenue and Linwood Street.

First Brick Courthouse

The Mormon Battalion in 1847 assisted the community by building this, the first fired-brick structure in San Diego. Originally designated as a townhall and schoolroom, once the state legislature incorporated San Diego as the first city in California, it became the office for Mayor, City Clerk, Board of Supervisors. Learn More...

First Brick Courthouse, Old Town San Diego
Heritage Park Victorian Village

7.8-acre county park with seven restored and relocated Victorian homes, saved from the wrecking ball. Includes San Diego's first synagogue, which now hosts weddings, receptions, and bar mitzvahs. Two of the houses currently serve as bed and breakfast inns. Learn More...

Heritage Park Old Town San Diego
Johnson House Old Town San Diego Johnson House

George Alonzo Johnson, a steamboat operator on the Colorado River and later a California State Assemblyman from San Diego, built this small frame home for his family in 1869. In 1880 he moved back into the Old Town House, where he lived until his death in 1903. Displays include artifacts from the Spanish and early American periods, as well as archaeological tools and techniques.

Kumeyaay Native Americans, Old Town San Diego Kumeyaay Native Americans

The Kumeyaay lived near the San Diego River for thousands of years before the mission and presidio were built. Today a sandy native landscape marks the former borders of the river that supplied the native people with many of life's necessities. Kumeyaay Tribe Website.

Mason Street School Old Town San Diego Mason Street Schoolhouse

Built in 1865, the Mason Street School is southern California's first publicly owned schoolhouse. The schoolhouse was built out of salvaged lumber. Notice no two boards appear to be the same width or length. San Diego Historical Days Association now operates the historical landmark. Learn More...

McCoy House Old Town San Diego

McCoy House

The McCoy House was originally built in 1869, and was home to California's first sheriff. It has been reconstructed. Prior to 1851 the land belonged to Maria Eugenia Silvas, descendant of a Spanish Colonial soldier who came to Alta California in the 1770s. Learn More...

Mission San Diego De Alcala

On Sunday, July 16, 1769, Fathers Junípero Serra, Juan Vizcaino, and Fernando Parrón raised and blessed a cross to establish Alta California's first mission. Relocated from Presidio Hill to this site in August 1774, the mission was the Mother of those founded in California by the Franciscan Order. It is at 19818 San Diego Mission Rd.

Mission San Diego de Alcala, Old Town San Diego
Mormon Battalion Memorial

Arrived in San Diego in January of 1847 to support the American military garrison during the Mexican War. Five companies totaling over 500 men had been mustered in at Council Bluffs, Iowa on July 16, 1846. Along with 32 women, they made the longest march in military history consisting of 2,000 miles from Council Bluffs, Iowa, to San Diego. Located at 2510 Juan Street, open 9 am - 9 pm every day of the year. Learn More...

Mormon Battalion Memorial, Old Town San Diego
Old Adobe Chapel Old Town San Diego

Old Adobe Chapel

The Old Adobe Chapel was reconstructed in the 1930's, after the original structure was razed. The Adobe Chapel was the first parochial church in the first parish of California after the secularization of the missions in 1832. The Old Adobe Chapel was the setting for the fictional wedding of Ramona in Jackson's novel. Learn More...

Derby-Pendleton House Old Town San Diego Pendleton House

This house was shipped around the Horn as a prefab home in 1850. It was originally built in New Town and moved to Old Town around 1851. In 1855 Captain George A. Pendleton, the first county clerk and recorder acquired it for his office. The house was moved in 1962 from the end of Harney Street to its current site at the Whaley House Complex. More...

Plaza del Pasado Old Town San Diego
Plaza del Pasado - The Plaza of the Past
Old Town's Recipe for Fun & Entertainment


Journey to the crossroads of early California - 1821 to 1872- and capture the festive spirit of Mexico. Experience the color, the pageantry, and the delectable tastes of history . . . a blend of south-of-the-border culture amid an emerging western frontier. From the beginning, visitors to San Diego have made the journey . . . traders, ranchers, sailors and merchants, each drawn to the hospitality and charm of the pueblo by the sea.

Wrapped in the scents of authentic foods of Mexico and the joyful sounds of traditional music, the Plaza comes alive day and night.
Experience a glimpse of history in a plaza filled with aromas of sizzling fajitas, grilled seafood, and other traditional Mexican favorites. Choose your journey to heritage restaurants of Casa de Reyes - 1823, The Jolly Boy - 1854, or the Cosmopolitan Restaurant - 1869, each menu unique to the tastes of the time. Learn more about Plaza del Pasado . . .
Plaza Viejo

Set aside for public use when Spaniards planned the town. Site of bull and bear baiting contests and other typical Spanish-Mexican activities. On July 29, 1846 a U.S. Navy Lieutenant and a Marine Lieutenant, under the command of Captain John C. Freemont first raised the American Flag.

Plaza Viejo Old Town San Diego

Plaza Viejo Old Town San Diego
Presidio Park

Father Junípero Serra established the first San Diego Mission on Presidio Hill. Officially proclaimed a Spanish Presidio on January 1, 1774, the fortress was later occupied by a succession of Mexican forces. The Presidio was abandoned in 1837 after San Diego became a pueblo. Learn More...

Presidio Park, Old Town San Diego
Racine and Laramie Store

Juan Rodriguez, a Mexican soldier who had received the land as compensation for his service, probably built his home here in the 1830s. It burned in the Old Town fire of 1872 and has been reconstructed and furnished with period pieces to recreate the Racine and Laramie store, which sold cigars, tobacco and stationery, as it was in 1869. Learn More...

Racine and Laramie Old Town San Diego
Robinson-Rose House Old Town San Diego Robinson-Rose House

James Robinson built this two-story structure in 1853 as his family residence and as the home of the San Diego Herald, the San Diego and Gila Railroad office and other private offices. Fire destroyed the roof in 1874. The reconstructed building now serves as Old Town State Historic Park's visitor center. Hours: 10-5 daily; Admission: free. Learn More...

San Diego House Old Town San Diego San Diego House

Built in 1830, this was originally a small adobe saloon and provision store, owned by two black men, Richard Freeman and Allen Light, the first two African/Americans to settle in Old Town. In 1856 it was known as the American Hotel. Reconstructed building originally built in 1838.

San Diego Sheriff's Museum

A project of the Honorary Deputy Sheriff's Association, located one hundred feet from where the first cobblestone jail once stood. Interactive exhibits from the 150-year history of the Sheriff's Department; displays include guns, badges, handcuffs, uniforms, patrol car, helicopter, motorcycle, jail cell and courtroom. Hours: Tuesday-Saturday 10-4; Admission: free

San Diego Sheriff's Museum Old Town San Diego
San Diego Union Newspaper

This wood-frame structure was prefabricated in Maine and shipped around the Horn in 1851. This first office of the San Diego Union newspaper is restored as it was when the Union printed its first edition on October 10, 1868 and was published as a weekly. It contained four pages as was common in those days. Visitors can view the original printroom with a Washington press and the editor's office. Hours: Daily 10-5; Admission: free

San Diego Union Museum Old Town San Diego
Seeley Stable Museum

Albert Seeley ran the San Diego-Los Angeles Stage Line, which was put out of business in 1887 after the coming of the railroad. Seeley Stables was the Yuma/San Diego stage stop in the 1850's. It has been reconstructed and now houses a collection of vintage carriages and transportation memorabilia. Hours: 10-5 daily; Admission: free. Learn More...

Serra Museum, Presidio Park, Old Town San Diego

Serra Museum

Original San Diego Presidio, this museum chronicles Old Town's inhabitants from the Kumeyaay to the present with classic photos and exhibits. Operated by the San Diego Historical Society, 2727 Presidio Drive. Learn More...

Serra Palm, Presidio Park, Old Town San Diego
c 1907, Smythe, William E. (San Diego: The History Company, 1907), 2 vols, illus.

Serra Palms

These two palms were planted in 1769, when Father Serra arrived with Portola, to found San Diego as a base for the settlement of California. The last of the two date palms, the oldest planted tree in California, was cut down June 6, 1957. It had been ailing for years, having been used for target practice by Nineteenth Century gunmen, to such an extent as to impair its health. Increasing height added to problems of circulation which are incident to age in so many species. The two palms stood beside Taylor Street, in the corner of Presidio Park closest to Chestnut Street.

Theatre in Old Town San Diego Theatre in Old Town

In 1868, the upstairs western portion of the Whaley House was transformed into San Diego's first commercial theater. The current Theatre in Old Town was built in the late 1970's due to the lobbying effort of a theater group that lost their home when the state park was built. The State designed the theatre to resemble an old fashioned barn from the period. Learn More...

U.S. House

Charles Noell and John Hayes operated a general store out of this two-story pre-fabricated building as early as 1850. In 1854, Hayes leased the structure to Robert Lloyd and Edward Kerr, who named it the U.S. House. Other ventures at this locale include an auction house, butcher shop, boarding house, restaurant, and a match factory. This structure, like many in Old Town, burned in the fire of 1872. Hours: 10-5 daily; Admission: free

U.S. House Old Town San Diego
Whaley House

According to the Travel Channel’s America’s Most Haunted, the Whaley House is the number one most haunted house in the United States. The alleged hauntings of the Whaley House have been reported on numerous other television programs and been written up in countless publications and books since the house first opened as a museum in 1960. Although we cannot state positively that the Whaley House is really haunted, the voluminous documentation of paranormal occurrences at the site makes a compelling case. But, if there are ghosts at the Whaley House, who are they and why are they here?. Learn More...

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Flavors of Old Town

Wine Tasting in a Historic Hotel

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Old Town Guide

Old Town State Historic Park

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History of Old Town

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Early photograph of Old Town, c 1867, from Presidio Hill. [SDHS photo 3865]
San Diego Union Newspaper Old Town San Diego
Seeley Stable Museum Old Town San Diego
Colorado House Old Town San Diego
Whaley House Old Town San Diego
Church of the Immaculate Conception Old Town San Diego
Casa de Estudillo Old Town San Diego
Handblown Mexican Margarita Glasses
Dining Old Town San Diego
Shopping Old Town San Diego
Hotels Old Town San Diego
History Old Tokwn San Diego
San Diego Camping
Old Town Trolley Tours
Wine Tasting at Historic Hotel | Old Town San Diego Art Festival
ArtFest Website

Early photograph of Old Town, c 1867, from Presidio Hill. [SDHS photo 3865]

San Diego Union Newspaper Old Town San Diego
Seeley Stable Museum Old Town San Diego
Colorado House Old Town San Diego
Whaley House Old Town San Diego
Church of the Immaculate Conception Old Town San Diego
Casa de Estudillo Old Town San Diego

Art Festival Video

2008 Featured Artists

Flavors of Old Town

Wine Tasting in a Historic Hotel

2006 Festival Program

Friends of the Mission Hills-Hillcrest Library

Join Our Email List

Old Town Guide

Old Town State Historic Park

Plaza Del Pasado

Immaculate Conception Church

Bazaar Del Mundo

The Whaley House

San Diego Metro Magazine

Tourist Review

History of Old Town

Hacienda Hotel

Boosters of Old Town

Historic Old Town Menu

Old Town Trolley Tours

SD Transit Trolley

Go There Old Town

Theatre in Old Town

Top CA Tourist Attractions

Cinco de Mayo Old Town

How to Become a Sponsor

Contact Art Festival Old Town San Diego
Beaches Trolley Video

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